NeoPhotonics Corp. (NYSE: NPTN) has added longer-reach SFP+ transceivers to its line of modules that meet 40-km (ER) and 80-km (ZR) reach requirements and support various communication protocols. The new SFP+ optical transceiver modules complement NeoPhotonics existing 6-Gbps SFP+ transceivers for Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) and 10-Gbps SFP+ modules for 10 Gigabit Ethernet and OC-192/STM-64 SONET/SDH transport.
SFP+ transceivers without integrated CDR are designed to support 10-Gigabit Ethernet transport and comply with IEEE 802.3-2005 and 802.3-2008. Versions with an integrated CDR support OC-192/STM-64 SONET/SDH and comply with the ITU-T Recommendation G.709 for Optical Transport Network (OTN) at the OTU2 line rate.
All of the company’s transceivers are designed to meet Telcordia GR-468 CORE qualification requirements and cover the extended operating temperature range of -5 to +85ºC (E-Temp), NeoPhotonics asserts. Both RoHS5 and RoHS6 versions are available as well. The SFP+ ER and ZR transceivers are available in sample quantities.
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Monday, May 28, 2012
Monday, May 21, 2012
Oplink unveils suite of rugged SFP+ transceivers
Components and subsystems vendor Oplink Communications, Inc. (NASDAQ:OPLK) has announced the availability of a full suite of SFP+ transceiver products, including low-power 80-km reach, CWDM, and DWDM versions.
Oplink says these products have been designed for lower power consumption and wider operational temperature ranges to enable 10-Gbps deployment in high-density systems and in the challenging environments found in data centers, access aggregation, and mobile backhaul applications.
The main features of Oplink's new portfolio of SFP+ transceivers are:
Maximum of 1.5-W power consumption supporting 10-Gbps applications reaching up to 80 km
DWDM with 46 wavelength channels supporting up to 80-km uncompensated links, or longer distances assisted with dispersion compensation and optical amplification
Operational temperature range from -40 to 85 degrees C for all SFP+ products in the portfolio
"The release of our suite of SFP+ transceivers dovetails with the optical networking trend of deploying higher bandwidth closer to end users, where high-density solutions and operations with greater temperature ranges are required," said Dr Rang-Chen Yu, vice president of business development at Oplink. "Our rugged and power-saving SFP+ products have been deployed in a wide range of applications, such as data center switch connectivity, service router WAN interface, access aggregation, and wireless backhaul networks. With today's announcement, we are pleased to now offer customers our next-generation, rugged SFP+ transceiver designs."
The SFP+ transceiver products are available to order now, says Oplink. The C-temperature (-5 to 70 degrees C) versions of these products are currently in full production, and all of the industrial-temp (-40 to 85 degrees C) versions are expected to complete qualification and begin production shipment by April.
Oplink will showcase its complete line of SFP+ transceiver products at OFC/NFOEC on March 6—8, 2012, in Los Angeles, CA, booth #1717.
Oplink says these products have been designed for lower power consumption and wider operational temperature ranges to enable 10-Gbps deployment in high-density systems and in the challenging environments found in data centers, access aggregation, and mobile backhaul applications.
The main features of Oplink's new portfolio of SFP+ transceivers are:
Maximum of 1.5-W power consumption supporting 10-Gbps applications reaching up to 80 km
DWDM with 46 wavelength channels supporting up to 80-km uncompensated links, or longer distances assisted with dispersion compensation and optical amplification
Operational temperature range from -40 to 85 degrees C for all SFP+ products in the portfolio
"The release of our suite of SFP+ transceivers dovetails with the optical networking trend of deploying higher bandwidth closer to end users, where high-density solutions and operations with greater temperature ranges are required," said Dr Rang-Chen Yu, vice president of business development at Oplink. "Our rugged and power-saving SFP+ products have been deployed in a wide range of applications, such as data center switch connectivity, service router WAN interface, access aggregation, and wireless backhaul networks. With today's announcement, we are pleased to now offer customers our next-generation, rugged SFP+ transceiver designs."
The SFP+ transceiver products are available to order now, says Oplink. The C-temperature (-5 to 70 degrees C) versions of these products are currently in full production, and all of the industrial-temp (-40 to 85 degrees C) versions are expected to complete qualification and begin production shipment by April.
Oplink will showcase its complete line of SFP+ transceiver products at OFC/NFOEC on March 6—8, 2012, in Los Angeles, CA, booth #1717.
Sunday, May 13, 2012
Radio direction finding
The first system of radio navigation was the Radio Direction Finder, or RDF. By tuning in a radio station and then using a directional antenna to find the direction to the broadcasting antenna, then using triangulation, two such measurements can be plotted on a map where their intersection is the position. Commercial AM radio stations can be used for this task due to their long range and high power, but strings of low-power radio beacons were also set up specifically for this task.
Early RDF systems normally used a loop antenna, a small loop of metal wire that is mounted so it can be rotated around a vertical axis. At most angles the loop has a fairly flat reception pattern, but when it is aligned perpendicular to the station the signal in one side cancels the signal in the other, producing a sharp drop in reception known as the "null". By rotating the loop and looking for the angle of the null, the relative bearing of the station can be determined. Loop antennas can be seen on most pre-1950s aircraft and ships.
Early RDF systems normally used a loop antenna, a small loop of metal wire that is mounted so it can be rotated around a vertical axis. At most angles the loop has a fairly flat reception pattern, but when it is aligned perpendicular to the station the signal in one side cancels the signal in the other, producing a sharp drop in reception known as the "null". By rotating the loop and looking for the angle of the null, the relative bearing of the station can be determined. Loop antennas can be seen on most pre-1950s aircraft and ships.
Monday, May 7, 2012
Tokugawa Shogunate
During the Tokugawa shogunate, samurai increasingly became courtiers, bureaucrats, and administrators rather than warriors. With no warfare since the early 17th century, samurai gradually lost their military function during the Tokugawa era (also called the Edo period).
By the end of the Tokugawa era, samurai were aristocratic bureaucrats for the daimyo, with their daisho, the paired long and short swords of the samurai (cf. katana and wakizashi) becoming more of a symbolic emblem of power rather than a weapon used in daily life.
They still had the legal right to cut down any commoner who did not show proper respect (kiri sute gomen (斬り捨て御免)), but to what extent this right was used is unknown. When the central government forced daimyos to cut the size of their armies, unemployed ronin became a social problem.
Theoretical obligations between a samurai and his lord (usually a daimyo) increased from the Genpei era to the Edo era. They were strongly emphasized by the teachings of Confucius and Mencius (ca 550 BC), which were required reading for the educated samurai class. Bushido was formalized by several influential leaders and families before the Edo Period. Bushido was an ideal, and it remained fairly uniform from the 13th century to the 19th century — the ideals of Bushido transcended social class, time and geographic location of the warrior class.
Bushido was formalized by samurai such as Imagawa Ryoshun as early as the 13th century. The conduct of samurai served as role model behavior for the other social classes. With time on their hands, samurai spent more time in pursuit of other interests such as becoming scholars.
Bushido itself is no longer particularly prominent in modern Japan, though some of its ideals and precepts live on.
By the end of the Tokugawa era, samurai were aristocratic bureaucrats for the daimyo, with their daisho, the paired long and short swords of the samurai (cf. katana and wakizashi) becoming more of a symbolic emblem of power rather than a weapon used in daily life.
They still had the legal right to cut down any commoner who did not show proper respect (kiri sute gomen (斬り捨て御免)), but to what extent this right was used is unknown. When the central government forced daimyos to cut the size of their armies, unemployed ronin became a social problem.
Theoretical obligations between a samurai and his lord (usually a daimyo) increased from the Genpei era to the Edo era. They were strongly emphasized by the teachings of Confucius and Mencius (ca 550 BC), which were required reading for the educated samurai class. Bushido was formalized by several influential leaders and families before the Edo Period. Bushido was an ideal, and it remained fairly uniform from the 13th century to the 19th century — the ideals of Bushido transcended social class, time and geographic location of the warrior class.
Bushido was formalized by samurai such as Imagawa Ryoshun as early as the 13th century. The conduct of samurai served as role model behavior for the other social classes. With time on their hands, samurai spent more time in pursuit of other interests such as becoming scholars.
Bushido itself is no longer particularly prominent in modern Japan, though some of its ideals and precepts live on.
Wednesday, May 2, 2012
Legacy
Through the start of their fame, over the present time years after their break-up, Simon and Garfunkel also have a positive change for the popular culture as evidenced through the many references to them made in television, film, music as well as other areas of pop culture.
One of several earliest pop culture references or homages started in the late 1960s, if your comedy television show Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In stood a running skit featuring members with the "Farkel" Family, including Fred & Fanny Farkel, "as well as the twins, Simon and Gar Farkel". In early '70s sitcom The Partridge Family, the two youngest Partridge children name their pet goldfish "Simon and Garfunkel".
In the episode of '90s sitcom Friends, the smoothness Ross Geller was convincing character Phoebe Buffay to inform him why she was mad at him by asking her a number of questions requiring an instant response; towards the question "Would you you like, Simon or Garfunkel?", Phoebe replies "Garfunkel". From the episode "Our Dear Leaders" of Scrubs, Lucy Bennett is the term for herself as "Garfunkel" being the other-in-command of her study group and mistakenly asks Drew Suffin to become her Micky Dolenz. In a episode of Monk, the title character Adrian Monk is upstaged by his now-famous assistant Natalie. This leads to him being called the Garfunkel on the pair, a pop culture reference the character doesn't understand.
The lyrics of Simon and Garfunkel songs continue to be referenced many times a tv personality, long after their initial popularity. With an episode of Generate income Met Your Mother, Marshall commissions a Venn diagram through which one section represents the "those who find themselves breaking his heart" while the other represents "those who find themselves shaking his confidence daily". The section the place that the two overlap is labelled "Cecilia". The end in the "Lady Bouvier's Lover" episode on the Simpsons contains on the list of series' many homages on the Graduate, and incorporates a parody of "The Sound of Silence" within the closing credits. ("Hello grandpa my old friend/your busy day is a a conclusion/what you are saying will almost always be sad and boring/they tell a tale that's worth ignoring".) In another episode, Mr. Burns spins around a lamp post singing, "Hello lamp post. What ya knowin'? I've go to watch your power flowin'", a mention of the the lyrics of "The 59th Street Bridge Song (Feelin' Groovy)".
The episode "Bendin' from the Wind" of Futurama, in a double send-up of Simon and Garfunkel and Battlestar Galactica, features the singing duo "Cylon and Garfunkel" performing a rendition of "Scarborough Fair" that robot Cylon's singing is entirely monotone, and Garfunkel – who explains through the performance that he is the descendant of Art – states he gives Bender the check "over my dead career!".
In a episode of Saturday Night Live's "Celebrity Jeopardy" parody, there were a category entitled "Members of Simon and Garfunkel". The clue read, "Of Simon and Garfunkel, the one that is not Garfunkel." Once the Sean Connery character rang in, he wanted the question to become repeated and said responding, "I Garfunkeled your mother!" This is on the list of running gags with the parody. In another SNL skit, Will Forte and Jason Sudeikis pose as Bon Jovi opposite band, Jon Bovi, however when charged with sounding much like Bon Jovi, they assert, "Well, in case you didn't like that, you are going to love our new opposite folk rock band, Gimon & Sarfunkel."
In the episode of Flight of the Conchords, charge characters form a Simon and Garfunkel tribute band performing "Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme". Garfunkel himself later appears inside episode. Inside the episode "Unnatural Love", the song "Carol Brown" is an homage to the Paul Simon song "50 Strategies to Leave Your soulmate".
One of several earliest pop culture references or homages started in the late 1960s, if your comedy television show Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In stood a running skit featuring members with the "Farkel" Family, including Fred & Fanny Farkel, "as well as the twins, Simon and Gar Farkel". In early '70s sitcom The Partridge Family, the two youngest Partridge children name their pet goldfish "Simon and Garfunkel".
In the episode of '90s sitcom Friends, the smoothness Ross Geller was convincing character Phoebe Buffay to inform him why she was mad at him by asking her a number of questions requiring an instant response; towards the question "Would you you like, Simon or Garfunkel?", Phoebe replies "Garfunkel". From the episode "Our Dear Leaders" of Scrubs, Lucy Bennett is the term for herself as "Garfunkel" being the other-in-command of her study group and mistakenly asks Drew Suffin to become her Micky Dolenz. In a episode of Monk, the title character Adrian Monk is upstaged by his now-famous assistant Natalie. This leads to him being called the Garfunkel on the pair, a pop culture reference the character doesn't understand.
The lyrics of Simon and Garfunkel songs continue to be referenced many times a tv personality, long after their initial popularity. With an episode of Generate income Met Your Mother, Marshall commissions a Venn diagram through which one section represents the "those who find themselves breaking his heart" while the other represents "those who find themselves shaking his confidence daily". The section the place that the two overlap is labelled "Cecilia". The end in the "Lady Bouvier's Lover" episode on the Simpsons contains on the list of series' many homages on the Graduate, and incorporates a parody of "The Sound of Silence" within the closing credits. ("Hello grandpa my old friend/your busy day is a a conclusion/what you are saying will almost always be sad and boring/they tell a tale that's worth ignoring".) In another episode, Mr. Burns spins around a lamp post singing, "Hello lamp post. What ya knowin'? I've go to watch your power flowin'", a mention of the the lyrics of "The 59th Street Bridge Song (Feelin' Groovy)".
The episode "Bendin' from the Wind" of Futurama, in a double send-up of Simon and Garfunkel and Battlestar Galactica, features the singing duo "Cylon and Garfunkel" performing a rendition of "Scarborough Fair" that robot Cylon's singing is entirely monotone, and Garfunkel – who explains through the performance that he is the descendant of Art – states he gives Bender the check "over my dead career!".
In a episode of Saturday Night Live's "Celebrity Jeopardy" parody, there were a category entitled "Members of Simon and Garfunkel". The clue read, "Of Simon and Garfunkel, the one that is not Garfunkel." Once the Sean Connery character rang in, he wanted the question to become repeated and said responding, "I Garfunkeled your mother!" This is on the list of running gags with the parody. In another SNL skit, Will Forte and Jason Sudeikis pose as Bon Jovi opposite band, Jon Bovi, however when charged with sounding much like Bon Jovi, they assert, "Well, in case you didn't like that, you are going to love our new opposite folk rock band, Gimon & Sarfunkel."
In the episode of Flight of the Conchords, charge characters form a Simon and Garfunkel tribute band performing "Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme". Garfunkel himself later appears inside episode. Inside the episode "Unnatural Love", the song "Carol Brown" is an homage to the Paul Simon song "50 Strategies to Leave Your soulmate".
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